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traffic but are not part of the GEANT consortium\", \"Prepending is additive, combine communities to increase prepending.\", \"20965:0000 - Don't announce the routes to all R&E Peers\", \"20965:0010 - Prepend GEANT AS one time towards all R&E Peers\", \"20965:0020 - Prepend GEANT AS two times towards all R&E Peers\", \"20965:0030 - Prepend GEANT AS three times towards all R&E Peers\", \"20965:0060 - Prepend GEANT AS six times towards all R&E Peers\", \"Routes can be manipulated using per-peer communities\", \"Penultimate digit is used to govern route action\", \"20965:...0. - Block advertisement to R&E Peer\", \"20965:...1. - Prepend GEANT AS one time towards to R&E Peer\", \"20965:...2. - Prepend GEANT AS two times towards to R&E Peer\", \"20965:...3. - Prepend GEANT AS three times towards to R&E Peer\", \"20965:...6. - Prepend GEANT AS six times towards to R&E Peer\", \"20965:20.0 - SINET\", \"20965:30.0 - CANARIE\", \"20965:45.0 - UbuntuNet\", \"20965:50.0 - Internet2\", 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                                ],
                                [
                                    "fn",
                                    [],
                                    "text",
                                    "GEANT CERT (formerly DANCERT)"
                                ],
                                [
                                    "kind",
                                    [],
                                    "text",
                                    "group"
                                ],
                                [
                                    "adr",
                                    {
                                        "label": "City House, 126-130 Hills Road\nCambridge CB2 1PQ, UK"
                                    },
                                    "text",
                                    [
                                        "",
                                        "",
                                        "",
                                        "",
                                        "",
                                        "",
                                        ""
                                    ]
                                ],
                                [
                                    "email",
                                    {
                                        "type": "abuse"
                                    },
                                    "text",
                                    "cert@geant.org"
                                ]
                            ]
                        ],
                        "roles": [
                            "abuse"
                        ],
                        "objectClassName": "entity"
                    }
                ],
                "remarks": [
                    {
                        "description": [
                            "The GEANT IP Service",
                            "The GEANT Network Connects the European National Regional Education Networks (NRENs) together",
                            "GEANT Research and Education Network",
                            "",
                            "=== BEGIN === INFORMATION ==========================================================",
                            "NREN routes are marked with an informational community based on ASN.",
                            "20965:<ASN> For 2-byte ASNs",
                            "origin:<ASN>:20965 For 4-byte ASNs",
                            "NRENs can block advertisements to other NRENs using a specific block community.",
                            "64512:<ASN> For 2-byte destination ASNs",
                            "origin:<ASN>:64512 For 4-byte destination ASNs",
                            "NRENs are welcome to use specific communities to define how routes are advertised to R&E peers",
                            "R&E Peers participate in the exchange of R&E traffic but are not part of the GEANT consortium",
                            "Prepending is additive, combine communities to increase prepending.",
                            "20965:0000 - Don't announce the routes to all R&E Peers",
                            "20965:0010 - Prepend GEANT AS one time towards all R&E Peers",
                            "20965:0020 - Prepend GEANT AS two times towards all R&E Peers",
                            "20965:0030 - Prepend GEANT AS three times towards all R&E Peers",
                            "20965:0060 - Prepend GEANT AS six times towards all R&E Peers",
                            "Routes can be manipulated using per-peer communities",
                            "Penultimate digit is used to govern route action",
                            "20965:...0. - Block advertisement to R&E Peer",
                            "20965:...1. - Prepend GEANT AS one time towards to R&E Peer",
                            "20965:...2. - Prepend GEANT AS two times towards to R&E Peer",
                            "20965:...3. - Prepend GEANT AS three times towards to R&E Peer",
                            "20965:...6. - Prepend GEANT AS six times towards to R&E Peer",
                            "20965:20.0 - SINET",
                            "20965:30.0 - CANARIE",
                            "20965:45.0 - UbuntuNet",
                            "20965:50.0 - Internet2",
                            "20965:60.0 - ESnet",
                            "20965:80.0 - RedCLARA",
                            "20965:85.0 - NISN",
                            "20965:90.0 - TEIN",
                            "20965:120.0 - SARInet/KAUST",
                            "20965:150.0 - ASREN",
                            "20965:160.0 - KREONET",
                            "20965:170.0 - NKN",
                            "20965:180.0 - IRANET",
                            "20965:190.0 - OMREN",
                            "20965:200.0 - KIAE",
                            "20965:210.0 - SingAREN",
                            "20965:220.0 - WACREN",
                            "20965:230.0 - HBKU",
                            "20965:240.0 - Maaen",
                            "20965:250.0 - ANKABUT",
                            "20965:260.0 - TENET",
                            "20965:270.0 - NIKS",
                            "20965:280.0 - UTIC",
                            "20965:290.0 - T-SYSTEMS",
                            "20965:300.0 - CSTNET",
                            "20965:310.0 - CAREN",
                            "20965:320.0 - AARNet",
                            "20965:330.0 - ESTINET",
                            "20965:340.0 - MARWAN",
                            "20965:350.0 - HARNET",
                            "20965:360.0 - ARN",
                            "20965:370.0 - ASNET-TW",
                            "20965:380.0 - SUM",
                            "20965:390.0 - CERNET",
                            "20965:400.0 - CNGI-6IX",
                            "20965:0008 - RTBH service, /32 and /128 prefixes only",
                            "20965:0001 - Routes heard with suspected commercial ASNs in the path.",
                            "20965:0002 - Anycast Routing",
                            "Anycast routes are identified by a prefix list and community filter and the local preference raised on backup links.",
                            "NRENs who add this community will see no effect unless they also instruct us to add the route to our prefix-list.",
                            "20965:0007 - Global Anycast Routing (Incl. DNS root servers)",
                            "Global anycast routes are marked with the above community and accepted from NRENs.",
                            "===============",
                            "R&E Peer Traffic Engineering",
                            "Peers are marked with the informational community 20965:65530",
                            "Peers eligible for backup transit arrangements can announce prefixes to other R&E peers like so:",
                            "64700:<ASN> For 2-byte ASNs",
                            "origin:<ASN>:64700 For 4-byte ASNs",
                            "Global anycast routes are rejected from R&E peers.",
                            "=== END === INFORMATION ==========================================================",
                            "GEANT R&E",
                            "Internal internal prefixes are given community 20965:155",
                            "GEANT NRENs - National Regional Educational Networks",
                            "NREN prefixes are given a LOCAL-PREF of 150 and community 20965:155",
                            "AS7500 (DNS root name-server) is behind RENATER",
                            "GEANT PEERS - non-NRENs who receive NREN routes:",
                            "All Peers are accepted with a LOCAL-PREF of 100",
                            "The following ASs are our non-NREN peers who receive NREN routes. All peers get all routes from AS-GEANTNRN and a subset of AS-GEANTNRENPEERS based on the agreed transit policy as highlighted by the communities below."
                        ]
                    }
                ],
                "links": [
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "rdap-up",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnums/rirSearch1/rdap-up/AS20965",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "rdap-up rdap-active",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnums/rirSearch1/rdap-up/AS20965?status=active",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "rdap-down",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnums/rirSearch1/rdap-down/AS20965",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "rdap-top",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnums/rirSearch1/rdap-top/AS20965",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "rdap-top rdap-active",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnums/rirSearch1/rdap-top/AS20965?status=active",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "rdap-bottom",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnums/rirSearch1/rdap-bottom/AS20965",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "rel": "self",
                        "href": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                        "type": "application/rdap+json"
                    },
                    {
                        "value": "http://www.ripe.net/data-tools/support/documentation/terms",
                        "rel": "copyright",
                        "href": "http://www.ripe.net/data-tools/support/documentation/terms"
                    }
                ],
                "events": [
                    {
                        "eventAction": "registration",
                        "eventDate": "2002-09-25T09:03:02Z"
                    },
                    {
                        "eventAction": "last changed",
                        "eventDate": "2026-09-08T13:17:09Z"
                    }
                ],
                "rdapConformance": [
                    "nro_rdap_profile_asn_flat_0",
                    "rirSearch1",
                    "autnums",
                    "cidr0",
                    "rdap_level_0",
                    "nro_rdap_profile_0",
                    "redacted"
                ],
                "notices": [
                    {
                        "title": "Filtered",
                        "description": [
                            "This output has been filtered."
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "title": "Whois Inaccuracy Reporting",
                        "description": [
                            "If you see inaccuracies in the results, please visit:"
                        ],
                        "links": [
                            {
                                "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                                "rel": "inaccuracy-report",
                                "href": "https://www.ripe.net/contact-form?topic=ripe_dbm&show_form=true",
                                "type": "text/html"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "title": "Source",
                        "description": [
                            "Objects returned came from source",
                            "RIPE"
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "title": "Terms and Conditions",
                        "description": [
                            "This is the RIPE Database query service. The objects are in RDAP format."
                        ],
                        "links": [
                            {
                                "value": "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/autnum/20965",
                                "rel": "terms-of-service",
                                "href": "http://www.ripe.net/db/support/db-terms-conditions.pdf",
                                "type": "application/pdf"
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ],
                "port43": "whois.ripe.net",
                "objectClassName": "autnum",
                "redacted": [
                    {
                        "name": {
                            "description": "Personal e-mail information"
                        },
                        "reason": {
                            "description": "Personal data"
                        },
                        "prePath": "$.entities[?(@.handle=='DANT-RIPE')].vcardArray[1][?(@[0]=='e-mail')]",
                        "method": "removal"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": {
                            "description": "Personal e-mail information"
                        },
                        "reason": {
                            "description": "Personal data"
                        },
                        "prePath": "$.entities[?(@.handle=='ORG-DLCU1-RIPE')].vcardArray[1][?(@[0]=='e-mail')]",
                        "method": "removal"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": {
                            "description": "Personal e-mail information"
                        },
                        "reason": {
                            "description": "Personal data"
                        },
                        "prePath": "$.entities[?(@.handle=='DCRT1-RIPE')].vcardArray[1][?(@[0]=='e-mail')]",
                        "method": "removal"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "cache_ttl": 0,
            "fetched_at": "2026-09-22T16:58:29+00:00",
            "fallback_allowed": false,
            "error": null,
            "tls_unverified": false,
            "transport_warnings": [],
            "retry_after": null,
            "provider_cooldown": false
        }
    ],
    "warnings": [],
    "notes": [],
    "cached": false,
    "fetched_at": "2026-09-22T16:58:29+00:00",
    "partial": false,
    "registry_only": false,
    "ripe_details_available": true,
    "ripe_contact_ticket": "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.uN-v9444r0jv7n8iZquk_cEkVfjn98hAC1jlZ_zQ_HM",
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}